DESING AND CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS
Analysis of controlled Deformation in Rock and Soils ( ADECO-RS)
Pietro Lunardi
Written by a leading
Italian expert with much practical experience
This book llustrates how the Analysis of Controlled Deformation in
Rocks and Soils (ADECO-RS) is used in the design and the construction of
tunnels.
The ADECO-RS approach makes a clear distinction between the design and the construction stages and allows reliable forecasts of construction times and costs to be made. It uses the advance core (the core of ground ahead of the face) as a structural tool for the long and short term stabilisation of tunnels, after its rigidity has first been regulated using conservation techniques. Tunnels can consequently be driven in difficult stress-strain conditions to predetermined safety standards with operations industrialised and scheduled precisely.
Thanks to this approach design engineers have been able to employ industrial criteria in tunnel excavation, even under extremely difficult stress-strain conditions.
The ADECO-RS approach makes a clear distinction between the design and the construction stages and allows reliable forecasts of construction times and costs to be made. It uses the advance core (the core of ground ahead of the face) as a structural tool for the long and short term stabilisation of tunnels, after its rigidity has first been regulated using conservation techniques. Tunnels can consequently be driven in difficult stress-strain conditions to predetermined safety standards with operations industrialised and scheduled precisely.
Thanks to this approach design engineers have been able to employ industrial criteria in tunnel excavation, even under extremely difficult stress-strain conditions.
INDEX
Preface
A note to the reader
Thanks
Thanks
From the research to ADECO-RS
1 The dynamics of tunnel advance
1.1 The basic concepts
1.2 The medium
1.4 The reaction
2 The deformation response of the medium to
excavation
2.1 The experimental and theoretical research
2 11.1 The first research stage
2.1 The experimental and theoretical research
2 11.1 The first research stage
2.1.2 The second research stage
2.1.2.1 The example of the Frejus motorway tunnel (1975)
2.1.2.2 The example of the “Santo Stefano” tunnel (1984)
2.1.2.3 The S. Elia tunnel (1985)
2.1.2.4 The example of the “Tasso” tunnel
(1988)
2.1.2.5 The results of the second research
stage
2.1.3 The third research sta
2.3.1 The Vasto tunnel (1991)
2.1.3.1. A brief history of the excavation
2.1.3.1. A brief history of the excavation
2.1.3 1.2 The survey phase
2.1.3.1.3 The diagnosis phase
2.1.3.1.4 Assessment of the stress-strain
behaviour
2.1.3.1.5 The therapy phase
2.1.3.1.6 The operational phase
2.1.3.1.7 The monitoring phase during construction
2.1.3.2 Results of the third research stage
2.1.3.2 Results of the third research stage
2.2 The advance core as a stabilisation
instrument
2.3 The advance core as a point of reference for tunnel
specifications
3 Analysis of the deformation response according to the
ADECO-RS approach
3.1 Experimental and theoretical studies
3.1.1 Full scale
experimentation
3.1.2 Laboratory experimentation
3.2 Numerical analyses
3.2.1 Studies using analytical approaches
3.2.2 Studies using numerical approaches on
axial symmetrical models on axial symmetrical models
3.2.3 Studies using numerical approaches on 3D models
3.3 Results of the experimental and theoretical analyses of the
deformation response
4 Control of the deformation response according to the ADECO RS approach
4 Control of the deformation response according to the ADECO RS approach
4.1 Control ahead of the face
4.2 Control in the tunnel back from the face
5 The analysis of controlled deformation in
rocks and soils
5.1 Development of the new approach to the ADECO-RS approach
5.1 Development of the new approach to the ADECO-RS approach
5.1.1.1 Category A
5.1.1.3 Category C
5.1.1.3 Category C
5.1.2 The different stages of the ADECO-RS
approach
The design sta ge
6 The survey phase
6 The survey phase
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 The basic concepts of the survey phase
6.1.2 The survey phase for conventional excavation
6.1.2.1 The geomorphological and hydrogeological characteristics of the area
6.1.2.1 The geomorphological and hydrogeological characteristics of the area
6.1.2.2 Location and definition of the terrain through which the
underground aligment passes
6.1.2.3 Tectonics, geological structure and the stress state of the rock mass
6.1.2.3 Tectonics, geological structure and the stress state of the rock mass
6.1.2.4 Hydrogeological regime of the rock mass
6.1.2.5 Geomechanical characteristics of the materials
6.1.3 The survey phase for TBM
excavation
6.1.4 Geological surveys for excavation with preliminary pilot
tunnel
6.1.5 Final considerations
7 The diagnosis
phase
7.1 Background
7.2 The basic concepts of the diagnosis stage
7.3 Identification of sections with uniform stress-strain behaviour .
7.2 The basic concepts of the diagnosis stage
7.3 Identification of sections with uniform stress-strain behaviour .
7.4 Calculation methods for predicting the
behaviour category
7.5 Assessing the development of the deformation
respo
7.6 Portals
7.6.1 Lithology, morphology, tectonics and
structure of the slope to be entered
7.6.2 Hydrology, pre-existing buildings and structures and
environmental constraints
7.6.3 Geomechanical characteristics of the ground
7.6.4 Forecasting the deformation behaviour of the slope
7.7 Final considerations
8 The therapy phase
8.1 Backgroun
8.2 Basic concepts of the therapy phase
8.2 Basic concepts of the therapy phase
8.3 Excavation systems ..
8.4 Mechanised or conventional excavation?
8.5 Tunnel boring machines in relation to the
confinement action they exert
8.6 Design using conventional excavation
8.7 Stabilisation
intervention
8.7.1 Preconfinement
intervention
8.7.2 Confinement intervention
8.7.3 Presupport and support intervention
8.8 Composition of typical longitudinal and cross
sections
8.9 Construction variabilities
8.10 The dimensions and verification of tunnel
section types
8.10.1 Solid load calculation methods
8.10.2 Plasticised ring calculation methods
8.11 Particular aspects of the therapy phase
8.11.1 Tunnels under the water
table
8.11.2 Adjacent tunnels
8.11.3 Tunnels with two faces approaching each
other
8.11.4 Portals 8.12
Final considerations .
The construction sta
ge
9 The operational phase
9.1
Background ..
9.2 The basic concepts of the operational phase
...
9.3 Excavation
9.4 Cavity preconfinement intervention
9.4.1 Cavity preconfinement by means of full face
mechanical precutting
9.4.2 Cavity preconfinement using pretunnel
technology
9.4.3 Preconfinement of the tunnel after
strengthening the core-face with fibre glass reinforcement
9.4.4 Preconfinement of the tunnel by means of
truncated cone umbrellas formed by sub horizontal columns of ground sideby side
improved by jet-grouting
9.4.5 Preconfinement of the tunnel by means of truncated cone
umbrellas’ of ground improved by means of conventional grounting
9.4.6 Preconfinement of the tunnel by means
of truncated cone umbrellas’ of drainage pipes ahead of the face
9.5 Cavity confinement intervention
9.5.1 Confinement of the cavity by means of radial rock bolts
9.5.2 Cavity confinement using a preliminary lining shell of
shotcrete
9.5.3 Confinement of the cavity by means of the tunnel
invert
9.5.4 Confinement of the cavity by means of the final lining
9.6 Waterproofing
10 The monitoring phase
10 The monitoring phase
10.1 Background
10.2 Basic concepts
10.3 Measurement stations
10.3.1 Principle measurement stations
10.3.2 Extrusion measurement stations
10.3.3 Monitoring stations
10.3.4 Systematic measurement stations
10.4 The design of the system for monitoring during construction
10.5 Monitoring the tunnel when in service
10.6 The interpretation of measurements
10.6.1 Backgroun
10.6.2 Interpretation of extrusion measurements
10.6.3 The interpretation of convergence measurements
10.7 Back-analysis procedures
10.7.1 Fine tuning of the design during construction of the tunnel
beneath the Mugello international motor racing track with a shallow
overburden
10.7.1.1 The survey phase
10.7.1.2 The diagnosis phase
10.7.1.3 The therapy phase
10.7.1.4 The monitoring programme
10.7.1.5 Final calibration of the design based on monitoring
feedbac
10.7.1.6 The operational phase
10.7.1.7 The monitoring phase
Final considerations
Appendices
Introduction to the appendices
Appendix A The design and construction of
tunnels for the new Rome-Naples high speed/capacity
railway line
Appendix B The design and
construction of tunnels for the new Bologna-Florence high speed/capacity railway
line
Appendix C The Tartaiguille tunnel
Appendix D C
ellular arch technology
Appendix E Artificial Ground Overburdens
(A.G.O.)
Appendix F Portals in difficult
ground
Appendix G Widening road, motorway and railway
tunnels without interrupting use
Glossary
condition
Observaciones 2008 Pag. 576 1142 Ilustra. 571 in color
17x24 Euros 153,90
