Energy Dissipation in Hydraulic Structures
Autor: Chanson,Hubert
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Recent advances in technology have permitted the construction of large
dams, reservoirs and channels. This progress has necessitated the
development of new design and construction techniques, particularly with
the provision of adequate flood release facilities. Chutes and
spillways are designed to spill large water discharges over a hydraulic
structure (e.g. dam, weir) without major damage to the structure itself
and to its environment. At the hydraulic structure, the fl ood waters
rush as an open channel flow or free-falling jet, and it is essential to
dissipate a very signifi cant part of the fl ow kinetic energy to avoid
damage to the hydraulic structure and its surroundings. Energy
dissipation may be realised by a wide range of design techniques. A
number of modern developments have demonstrated that such energy
dissipation may be achieved (a) along the chute, (b) in a downstream
energy dissipator, or (c) a combination of both.
The magnitude of turbulent energy that must be dissipated in hydraulic structures is enormous even in small rural and urban structures. For a small storm waterway discharging 4 m3/s at a 3 m high drop, the turbulent kinetic energy flux per unit time is 120 kW! At a large dam, the rate of energy dissipation can exceed tens to hundreds of gigawatts; that is, many times the energy production rate of nuclear power plants. Many engineers have never been exposed to the complexity of energy dissipator designs, to the physical processes taking place and to the structural challenges. Several energy dissipators, spillways and storm waterways failed because of poor engineering design. It is believed that a major issue affecting these failures was the lack of understanding of the basic turbulent dissipation processes and of the interactions between free-surface aeration and flow turbulence.
In that context, an authoritative reference book on energy dissipation in hydraulic structures is proposed here. The book contents encompass a range of design techniques including block ramps, stepped spillways, hydraulic jump stilling basins, ski jumps and impact dissipators.
Table Contents
1. Introduction: Energy dissipators in hydraulic structures
H. Chanson
2. Energy dissipation at block ramps
S. Pagliara and M. Palermo
3. Stepped spillways and cascades
H. Chanson, D.B. Bung and J. Matos
4. Hydraulic jumps and stilling basins
H. Chanson and R. Carvalho
5. Ski jumps, jets and plunge pools
M. Pfister and A.J. Schleiss
6. Impact dissipators
B.P. Tullis and R.D. Bradshaw
7. Energy dissipation: Concluding remarks
H. Chanson
Subject
index
The magnitude of turbulent energy that must be dissipated in hydraulic structures is enormous even in small rural and urban structures. For a small storm waterway discharging 4 m3/s at a 3 m high drop, the turbulent kinetic energy flux per unit time is 120 kW! At a large dam, the rate of energy dissipation can exceed tens to hundreds of gigawatts; that is, many times the energy production rate of nuclear power plants. Many engineers have never been exposed to the complexity of energy dissipator designs, to the physical processes taking place and to the structural challenges. Several energy dissipators, spillways and storm waterways failed because of poor engineering design. It is believed that a major issue affecting these failures was the lack of understanding of the basic turbulent dissipation processes and of the interactions between free-surface aeration and flow turbulence.
In that context, an authoritative reference book on energy dissipation in hydraulic structures is proposed here. The book contents encompass a range of design techniques including block ramps, stepped spillways, hydraulic jump stilling basins, ski jumps and impact dissipators.
Table Contents
1. Introduction: Energy dissipators in hydraulic structures
H. Chanson
2. Energy dissipation at block ramps
S. Pagliara and M. Palermo
3. Stepped spillways and cascades
H. Chanson, D.B. Bung and J. Matos
4. Hydraulic jumps and stilling basins
H. Chanson and R. Carvalho
5. Ski jumps, jets and plunge pools
M. Pfister and A.J. Schleiss
6. Impact dissipators
B.P. Tullis and R.D. Bradshaw
7. Energy dissipation: Concluding remarks
H. Chanson
Subject
index
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